Untitled Document

Unit I
Qualitative explanation of the mechanism, characteristics and simple application of junction devices: p-n Junction Diode, Transistor, Tunnel Diode and Unijunction Transistor.
Field effect devices: JFET, MOSFET.

Unit II
Qualitative explanation of the mechanism, characteristics and simple applications of microwave devices: Gunn Diode, IMPATT diode, PIN diode.
Metal-semiconductor devices: Schottky Diode.

Unit III
Optical Devices: Qualitative explanation of the mechanism, characteristics and simple applications of Solar Cell, Photodetectors, p-n Photodiode, Photoresistor , LEDs.
Electronic components: Colour code of resistors and capacitors, identification and testing of resistors, capacitors, diodes and transistors, introduction of bread boarding, tools, printed circuit boards, its making, component mounting and soldering.

Unit IV
Sensors and Transducers: Pressure , radiation, temperature and displacement sensors, Transducers based on p-n junctions, resistance, capacitance , piezoelectricity and photoconductivity.
IC fabrication: Integration of resistance, capacitance, diode and BJT in a monolithic circuit, basic processes.

Unit I

The logic concept and definition of Digital systems. Number system: Binary number system and operations, Binary representation of respective numbers, modulus representation. Binary arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, Octal numbers, Octal to Binary, Binary to Octal conversion, Hexadecimal numbers , Hexadecimal to Binary and Binary to Hexadecimal conversion. Binary Codes: Binary codes, the 8421 code, Binary Coded Decimal, Excess 3 codes, Gray codes, Binary to Gray and Gray to Binary conversion, Parity.

Unit II
Switches used for logic functions and relay logic, their limitations, combinational logic and sequential logic.Gates: OR, AND, NOT, XOR, XNOR gates: symbols and functions, positive and negative logic, characteristics of the digital signals applied to logic gates.

Unit III
Boolean Algebra: Constants , variables and functions, Boolean postulates and properties, Truth Tables and Boolean equations, simplification of compound expressions, 1’s and 2’s complement.
Combinational Logic: Fundamental Products. AND-OR, OR-AND network, SOP, POS form, Karnaugh map techniques, definitions and rules, graphical representation of Boolean functions, determination of minimal equations. Combinational logic design: Encoders, Decoders, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, 7-Segment Decoder, Code Converters.

Unit IV
The Multimeter: Principle and working, introduction to Digital Multimeter. The Cathode Ray Oscilloscope, waveform observation and measurements, the time base sensitivity, introduction to synchronization. Introduction to Sinusoidal and Square Wave Generators. Audio and R.F. Generators.

Unit I
Basic AC/DC models for BJT and FET amplifiers, Hybrid Model; MOSFET amplifiers. The operating point bias stability and Biasing schemes for discrete components and integrated circuit BJT and FET amplifiers: analysis and design.

Unit II
The Common Emitter amplifier, the Emitter Follower, FET amplifier stages: Common Source and Common Drain configurations. Cascaded BJT and FET stages.
The CC-CC (Darlington), CC-CE and CE-CB (Cascode ) configurations. The Differential amplifier: differential and common modes.

Unit III
Frequency Response characteristics of BJT and FET amplifier: Fidelity considerations, high and low frequency response, step response of an amplifier: rise time and sag feedback amplifiers, loop gain, properties of negative feedback amplifiers, input and output impedances.

Unit IV
The shunt-shunt, series-series and series-shunt feedback topologies, their properties and impedances. The shunt-feedback triple, shunt series pair series shunt pair and series triple. Multistage feedback amplifiers.
Elementary ideas of the following: Sound amplifiers, Music response, Preamplifiers for audio Cassette players, Stereo amplifiers, their frequency response. Power amplifiers and their design, Filters, Notch Filter, Active Filter, Multichannel Tone controls, Bass and Treble amplifiers, characteristics of loudspeakers, Woofers, Tweeters, Cross-over Systems.

Unit I
Transistor as a switch, switching times. Arithmetic circuits, Parity Checker, Half Adder, Full Adder, Parallel Binary Adder, Half Subtractor, Full Subtractor, Parallel Binary Subtractor.

Unit II
Logic circuits, Active and Passive Logic circuits, Diode Logic (DL), Resistor Logic (RL), Resistor-Transistor logic (RTL), Diode Transistor Logic (TTL), Current Mode Logic and CMOS logics. Propagation delay, Fan-in, Fan-out, Noise Immunity and Noise Margin.

Unit III
Multivibrators: Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrators, Schmitt Trigger using BJT.
Flip Flops: RS Flip Flop, Clocked flip Flop, D-Flip Flop, T- Flip Flop, RST- Flip Flop, J-K Flip Flop, J-K Master-Slave Flip Flop.

Unit IV
Counter techniques, Binary Ripple Counters, The Four Bit Binary Counter, Modulus of a Counter, Asynchronous counter using feedback, Combination counter, the race problem, Binary Decade Counter with decoding gates, Registers, Serial Shift Register, Ring counter, Shift counter, controlled shift register.

To design decimal to BCD encoder.
To design (i) JK flip flop, (ii) Master Slave JK flip flop, (iii) D flip flop (iv) T flip flop.
To study the operation of MSI chip 7493 and application.
To design BCD to decimal and BCD seven segment display.
To design (i) a binary or bistable circuit or latch (ii) a bistable latch used as a memory cell (iii) a SR flip flop using NAND gate.
To design the operation of MSI chip 7490 in different modes.

Unit I
Sensing of time, voltage and light delay timer, reflex photo electric relay, fast active photo relay, Unijunction transistors and its applications.
Thyristors, turn on and turn off of SCR’s, silicon controlled rectifiers in circuits, phase control of SCR, SCR with resistive or inductive loads, Triac, series and parallel operation of thyristors, resistance welding with solid state circuits.

Unit II
Diode with RC, RL, LC and RLC loads, performance parameters for single phase half wave and full wave rectifiers, multiple star rectifiers, three phase bridge rectifiers, controlled rectifiers, single phase semiconductors, full converters and dual converters, power factor improvements.

Unit III
AC voltage controllers, on-off control and phase control, single phase bidirectional controllers.
Magnetic amplifiers, the saturable reactor, magnetic amplifier with dc load, push pull magnetic amplifier.

Unit IV
Closed loop systems, servomechanism, Basic servo characteristics, compensation methods, transient response, frequency response of servo systems.
DC chopper, step down and step up operation, static switches, AC and DC switches, DC and AC motors, solid state relays, invertors.

Unit I
Waveform generators and wave shaping, Sinusoidal oscillators, Phase shift and Wein Bridge Oscillators, Crystal oscillators, 555 IC timer, Astable, Monostable Multivibrators, Schmitt Trigger using 555 timer, Comparators.
Square wave generation from a sinusoid, Square Wave and Triangular Wave Generators, The VCO, Pulse generators, Voltage Time Base Generator, Staircase generator.

Unit II
Signal processing, Sample and Hold systems, Digital to analog (D/A) converters: the ladder type D/A converter, the multiplying D/A converter.
Analog to digital (A/D) converters: the Counting A/D converters, the successive approximation A/D converters, Parallel-Comparator A/D converter, Dual slope A/D converter, Logarithmic and Exponential amplifiers.

Unit III
Electronic multimeters, Digital multimeters, Cathode ray oscilloscope circuits, power supply, time base and synchronization, Probes, Dual trace oscilloscopes, Storage oscilloscopes.

Unit IV
Frequency counters, Temperature recorders, ECG and calorimeter, Nuclear Detectors, Solid State Detectors, Introduction to Geiger, proportional and Scintillation counters.

Unit I
Computer Elements: Memories- Volatile and Non-volatile memories, Magnetic memories, DRO, NDRO system. Semiconductor memories: RAM, ROM, SRAM, DRAM, EPROM. Addressing of memories: MAR, MAD & MDR Hexadecimal addressing.

Unit II
Introduction to Microprocessors and microcomputers, Study of 8 bit Microprocessor, 8085 pin configuration, Internal Architecture and operations, Bus organization,interrupts, Stacks and Subroutines, various data transfer schemes, timing diagrams.
Assembly language programming of 8085.

Unit III
Difference between 8085 and 8086, Block diagram and architecture of 8086 family, pin configuration of 8086, Minimum mode & Maximum mode operation, Bus Interface Unit, Register Organization, Instruction Pointer, Stack & Stack pointer, merits of memory segmentation, Execution Unit, Register Organization, Addressing modes, Interrupts. I/O mapped and memory mapped I/O, Direct memory addressing.

Unit IV
Assembly language programming of 8086.
Introduction to 32 and 64 bit processors and latest technologies. Introduction to microcontrollers(8051). Introduction to embedded system.

Unit I
Signals and its classifications: Frequency, intensity, loudness, pitch, Audio signals, complex signals. Electro acoustic transducers, piezoelectronic microphones, loudspeakers. Noise, its classification: external noise (atmospheric extraterrestrial and industrial), internal noise (thermal noise, shot noise, partition noise, flicker noise, transit time noise), SNR, noise figure, noise temperature.

Unit II
Modulation of signals and its process, need/ benefits of modulation, types of modulation: amplitude modulation- its features, frequency spectrum and average power, modulation index, overmodulation, modulating signal for a complex wave, trapezoidal display, AM circuit, demodulation of AM waves, demodulation circuits. Block diagram of an AM transmitters, applications of AM.

Unit III
AM receiver, super heterodyne principle, choice of intermediate and oscillator frequency, image rejection, adjacent channel selectivity, RF amplifier, single tuned and double tuned transformer coupled class A amplifier, neutralization, frequency conversion and mixers. Dual-gate MOSFETS, IF amplifier.

Unit IV
Single-sideband, modulation- frequency spectrum advantages, disadvantages and applications, balanced modulator, SSB operation, the balanced modulator-filter method, phasing method and the third method. Principle of SSB reception. Requirement of SSB receivers Independent side band.

To solve the given problem with the help of microprocessor 8086.

To find sum of two numbers
To find the difference of two numbers
To find the product of two numbers
To find the division of two numbers
To find the factorial of a given number, etc.

To design an astable multivibrator using 555 timer
To design a monostable multivibrator using 555 timer.

Unit I
Operational amplifiers: block diagram, symbol and ICs. IC package types, pin identification and temperature ranges. Definitions of important characteristics and identification of data sheets. The ideal OP-AMP, open loop OP-AMP configurations: differential inverting and non-inverting amplifiers.

Unit II
OP-AMP with negative feedback, non-inverting and inverting amplifiers with feedback: closed loop voltage gain, input resistance, output resistance and bandwidth. Voltage follower. Current to voltage converter, closed loop differential amplifiers.

Unit III
The practical OP-AMP. Input offset voltage and its compensation. Input bias current and offset current. Total output offset voltage. Thermal drift, Noise, common mode configuration and common mode rejection ratio.
Introduction to the frequency response of an OP-AMP and Slew Rate.
General linear applications and their uses: DC and AC amplifiers, Summing, Scaling and Averaging amplifiers, instrumentation amplifier.

Unit IV
Differential input and differential output amplifier, voltage to current, current to voltage converters, integrator, differentiator, introduction to active filters, comparators and converters.
Voltage regulators, fixed voltage, adjustable voltage and switching regulators, power supplies, regulated and switch mode power supplies.

Unit I
Concept of angle modulation- Frequency modulation and phase modulation, basic principles, frequency deviation, types of FM, modulation index, advantages and disadvantages, methods of FM generation, reactance modulator, FM demodulation, requirement of FM demodulators and ratio detector- operation, phasor diagram and advantages.

Unit II
Pulse modulation- pulse amplitude modulation, pulse width modulation and pulse position modulation, pulse code modulation, quantization, compression, their demodulation, frequency spectrum, advantages and disadvantages. Noise in pulse modulation systems.

Unit III
Radio wave propagation, Space-wave propagation, Tropospheric propagation, Ionospheric propagation, Surface wave propagation, Antennas, the elementary doublets and half wave dipole, vertical antennas, and folded dipole, loop and ferrite rod receiving antennas, driven arrays, the broadside array, the end- fire array, the Yagi-Uda array.

Unit IV
Multiplexing-frequency division and Time division multiplexing, guard time, salient features of TDM and drawbacks. Black and White television, the single Vidicon and Ambicon camera tubes, and picture tube, block diagrams of transmitters and receiver, Elementary ideas about coloured television.

To test OP-AMP as buffer amplifier.
To design inverting and non- inverting amplifier using OP-Amp.
To design summing amplifier using OP-AMP.
To study operation of IC 741 as comparator.
To find the frequency response of OP-AMP under open loop and closed loop condition and calculate the bandwidth and gain bandwidth product.
To design the Differentiator and Integrator circuit for sinusoidal and square waveform at input.